A new three-part report from an American Christian think tank specializing in championing family, faith and constitutional government communicates the flourishing impacts religion has on physical, mental and social health.

Commissioned by the Wheatley Institute of Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah, a team of researchers scoured thousands of quantitative studies contained within the Handbook of Religion and Health’s third edition issued in 2024. This work by Harold G. Koenig, Tyler J. VanderWeele and John R. Peteet has emerged as a seminal 21st-century text on the connection between religion and health.

The Wheatley team ultimately found that across “at least two dozen distinct mental, physical and social health phenomena,” the evidence broadly “points in one direction: religious involvement is far more often associated with beneficial outcomes than harmful ones.”

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Loren Marks, a professor for BYU’s School of Family Life and co-author of this series, said that in a 30-year career analyzing religion and health studies, he was aware “the balance favoured positive health outcomes.” However, he was “very surprised to see when we looked at the most rigorous studies, the highest quality studies, to see this landslide ratio of positive health benefits versus negative.”

Marks and his collaborators found that, of the handbook studies examining the linkage between religion and mental health, 961 reported that religious involvement led to better outcomes, compared to just 101 negative and 80 mixed/complex. In other words, the positive-to-negative ratio was about 10:1. Notably, studies associated religious belief with lower suicidality, reduced substance abuse and addiction and higher levels of hope, stress management, purposefulness and life satisfaction.

Across 15 physical health domains, the Wheatley team found that positive studies trumped negative 876 to 124, a 7:1 ratio. Religious participation is linked to lower cigarette smoking, reduced substance abuse, lower risk of cardiovascular disease or other chronic illnesses and overall improved physical health and longevity.

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The positive relationship between religion and social — also known as behavioural — health is the most statistically convincing. The positive-to-negative proportion was a whopping 33:1 — 489 positive studies compared to just 15 negative conclusions. Stronger marriages, higher charitable giving, reduced domestic violence, bolstered family stability and lower crime and delinquency are among the many constructive impacts religion has on social health.

While a U.S.-based institute, Marks said the report's findings should be leveraged by governments around the world to improve the quality of life for their citizens. He said much good can be accomplished by lawmakers and faith-based groups collaborating.

“It seems that when we look at that elite science, there are potent resources in faith communities that can be leveraged to benefit all citizens, religious or not,” said Marks. “And that's part of what we're trying to convey in this report. Whether we're talking about the domain of delinquency and criminality or marital and family stability or substance abuse and addiction, where the ratios are 43 to one, there are significant societal harms that can be prevented and others that can be ameliorated.”

Along with the Religion & Human Flourishing series delineating ways religion can help cure societal ills, Marks suggested it advances a vision of a pro-fertility and pro-family culture worth a serious appraisal at a time when the U.S. fertility rate is 1.6, and Canada’s is even worse at 1.25.

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“What that means in reality on the ground is that the modal child, the typical child, will not have a sibling,” said Marks. “What that means in the real world is that words like sister, brother, aunt, uncle and cousin become obsolete. That is something to sit back and contemplate. If family first and faith community second are where we learn values of altruism and how to act in pro-social ways, it is quite literally imperative and vital that we support institutions that provide those pro-social and altruistic values.”

To learn more about the Religion & Human Flourishing series, see wheatley.byu.edu/religion-and-social-health.